ABSTRACT
Objective:To prepare water-soluble graphene-based itraconazole antifungal eye drops and evaluate its antifungal activity against Fusarium solani. Methods:By oxidative modification of graphene and modification of polymer materials, water-soluble graphene oxide-modified polyethylene glycol (GO-PEG) composites were prepared.The composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, zeta potential, and Raman spectroscopy.The antifungal drug itraconazole was loaded onto the GO-PEG vector by solvent evaporation method, and itraconazole eye drops were obtained.The drug loading of itraconazole eye drops was measured using a UV and visible spectrophotometer.The antifungal effect in vitro was assessed by the microdilution method and light microscopy. Results:Scanning electron microscopy showed that GO-PEG had a two-dimensional nanosheet structure and many wrinkles.The zeta potential of GO-PEG was -42.40 mV.Raman spectroscopy showed that the ID/ IG of GO-PEG was 1.003.Using the water-soluble GO-PEG vector, a maximum itraconazole concentration of 10 mg/ml was achieved with a 10 000-fold increase in apparent solubility (10 mg/ml vs 0.001 mg/ml). The antifungal results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration of itraconazole eye drops against Fusarium solani was approximately 1.88 μg/ml, but the GO-PEG vector has no significant antifungal activity against Fusarium solani. Conclusions:GO-PEG achieves effective loading and solubilization of itraconazole, demonstrating an in vitro inhibitory effect on Fusarium solani.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To observe the effects of 0.01% atropine eye drops on ocular biometrics in myopic adolescents.Methods:A prospective cohort study was conducted.Two hundred and nineteen myopic adolescents who visited the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from June 2016 to June 2017 and completed the 1-year follow-up on time were enrolled.The 219 adolescents were divided into a 0.01% atropine+ single-vision spectacles (SV) group (119 cases) wearing single-vision spectacles with one drop of atropine eye drop applied to both eyes once nightly, and a simple SV group (100 cases) wearing SV only.Axial length (AL), corneal power and anterior chamber depth were measured with the IOLMaster.Lens power was calculated using the Bennett-Rabbetts formula.Intraocular pressure was measured by non-contact tonometry.Spherical equivalent (SE) was examined by cycloplegic autorefraction.Total astigmatism and corneal astigmatism were calculated by vector decomposition.The right eye data were analyzed to compare the ocular biometrics changes between the two groups, and multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the influencing factors.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (No.2016-35). Written informed consent was obtained from guardians before any medical examination.Results:The SE change and AL elongation 12 months after treatment in 0.01% atropine+ SV group were (-0.47±0.45) D and (0.37±0.22) mm, respectively, which were significantly lower than (-0.70±0.60)D and (0.46±0.35)mm in simple SV group ( t=5.523, 9.651; both at P<0.001). There were significant differences in SE and AL between before and after treatment in both groups (SE: Fgroup=1.556, P=0.015; Ftime=12.538, P=0.002; AL: Fgroup=3.425, P=0.021; Ftime=18.235, P=0.008). The SE and AL at 4, 8 and 12 months after treatment were all increased in comparison with before treatment in both groups, showing statistically significant differences (all at P<0.001). The SE and AL at 8 and 12 months after treatment in 0.01% atropine+ SV group were smaller than in simple SV group, and the differences were statistically significant (all at P<0.001). At 8 and 12 months after treatment, total astigmatism and the anterior chamber depth were increased and the lens power was decreased in comparison with before treatment in both groups, and the differences were statistically significant (all at P<0.05). There was no significant difference in corneal astigmatism, corneal power and intraocular pressure at different time points before and after treatment between the two groups (all at P>0.05). In the multiple linear regression analysis, an equation of Δmyopic SE=-0.012-2.685×ΔAL-1.002×Δcorneal astigmatism-0.656×Δlens power+ 0.477×Δtotal astigmatism+ 0.363×Δanterior chamber depth-0.060×age+ 0.011×sex was used, showing the change of SE was mainly caused by the change of AL ( β=-2.685), then corneal power, lens power, total astigmatism and anterior chamber depth. Conclusions:In adolescents, 0.01% atropine eye drops can effectively retard myopia progression and axial elongation, showing no effect on astigmatism, corneal power, lens power, anterior chamber depth and intraocular pressure.The controlling effect of 0.01% atropine eye drops in the development of myopia is mainly achieved by reducing axial elongation.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the value of preoperative breast MRI combined with axillary ultrasound in predicting lymphovascular invasion (LVI) of breast invasive ductal carcinoma.Methods:The clinical, pathological and imaging features of 160 female patients [age 25-74(49±10)years] with breast invasive ductal carcinoma from March 2014 to December 2017 in Shanxi Cancer Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. According to the LVI status determined by postoperative pathology, 160 patients were divided into LVI positive group (56 cases) and LVI negative group (104 cases). The clinical characteristics, pathological characteristics and imaging features of LVI positive group and LVI negative group were compared by the independent t test, Mann-Whitney U test or χ 2 test. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors for predicting LVI and construct a predictive model. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the discrimination of the prediction model, and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test was used to evaluate its calibration. Results:There was no significant difference in age, menopausal status, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor 2, Ki67 index and molecular subtype between LVI positive group and negative group ( P>0.05). Tumor size, peritumoral edema, adjacent vessel sign, multifocality or multicentricity, peritumoral maximum-apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), peritumour-tumour ADC ratio, MRI axillary lymph node status and ultrasound axillary lymph node status between LVI positive group and LVI negative group showed significantly statistical difference ( P<0.05). Variables with significant difference in the univariate analysis were entered into multivariate logistic regression analysis to explore predictors for LVI. Peritumoral edema (OR=3.367, 95%CI 1.382-8.201, P=0.008), multifocality or multicentricity (OR=4.026, 95%CI 1.268-12.776, P=0.018), high peritumoral-tumor ADC ratio (OR=7.321, 95%CI 2.226-24.079, P=0.001) and positive ultrasound axillary lymph node (OR=6.779, 95%CI 2.819-16.303, P<0.001) were independent predictors for predicting LVI. A logistic regression model was constructed using the above four indicators, and ROC showed AUC of this model for predicting LVI was 0.882, superior to any of the single indicator ( P<0.05); its sensitivity was 80.36% and specificity was 84.62%. Hosmer-lemeshow test showed that the prediction model had good calibration ( P=0.503). Conclusion:The combined prediction model constructed by preoperative breast MRI and axillary ultrasound could help to predict the LVI status of breast invasive ductal carcinoma.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the relationship between affective temperament and the severity of depressive symptoms in medical college students.Methods:From October to November 2021, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 1 780 medical undergraduates from two medical colleges in Anhui Province.The Chinese version of temperament scale of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A) and the Chinese version of the Beck depression inventory (BDI-Ⅱ) were used to evaluate the affective temperament and depressive symptoms of medical college students, respectively.SPSS 23.0 software was used for statistical analysis of the data.Ordinal Logistic regression model was used to analyze the impact of affective temperament characteristics on the severity of depressive symptoms.Results:The detection of depressive symptoms among medical college students was 6.4% with mild depression, 7.4% with moderate and severe depression and 86.2% without depression.The scores of cyclothymic, depressive, irritable, hyperthymia and anxious temperaments in TEMPS-A were significantly different among medical college students with different levels of depressive symptoms (all P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the detection rates of depression symptoms among medical college students with different typical affective temperament characteristics(all P<0.05). Ordinal Logistic regression model analysis showed that typical cyclothymic temperament ( OR=5.05, 95% CI: 3.68-6.94), typical depressive temperament ( OR=7.69, 95% CI: 4.64-12.86), typical hyperthymia temperament ( OR=0.30, 95% CI: 0.15-0.58), and typical anxious temperament ( OR=2.41, 95% CI: 1.75-3.32) were influencing factors for the severity of depressive symptoms in medical college students. Conclusion:Affective temperament, especially typical depressive temperament, typical cyclothymic temperament and typical anxious temperament can affect the severity of depressive symptoms in medical college students.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the application value of outcome-based education (OBE) combined with team-based learning (TBL) in the practice teaching of pediatric emergency and critical care nursing.Methods:A total of 84 nursing students who studied in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University were selected and divided into control group and observation group. The 41 nursing students in the control group received traditional teaching, and the 43 nursing students in the observation group received OBE+TBL teaching. The two groups were assessed in terms of theoretical knowledge, practical operation ability, clinical thinking ability, and self-learning ability after teaching, and the degrees of satisfaction with teaching and participation in teaching were compared between the two groups. SPSS 22.0 was used for the t-test and the chi-square test. Results:After teaching, the observation group had significantly better theoretical knowledge, practical operation ability, and self-learning ability than the control group ( P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the observation group had significantly higher scores of learning engagement (recognition, behavior, emotion) ( P<0.05) and satisfaction with classroom effect, knowledge mastery, and learning interest ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The application of OBE+TBL teaching in PICU nursing students can effectively improve their self-learning ability and participation and help them to understand PICU nursing priorities and improve their practical operation ability.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the application value of heuristic teaching combined with anchored instruction in nursing teaching in emergency department.Methods:A total of 80 nursing students assigned to the Emergency Department of The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University from July 2019 to October 2020 were divided into control group and research group, with 40 cases in each group. The control group used traditional teaching, and the research group used heuristic teaching combined with anchored instruction. At the end of the practice, the teaching effect was evaluated through the examination results (theoretical examination and scenario simulation practice skills examination) and questionnaire survey of teaching quality and teaching satisfaction. SPSS 22.0 was used for t test and chi-square test. Results:The theoretical examination scores [(93.20±2.88) vs. (90.53±3.06)] and the practical skill examination scores (basic operation examination, specialized operation examination and comprehensive quality) of the study group were higher than those of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The overall situation of teaching quality and teaching satisfaction of nursing students in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Heuristic teaching combined with anchored instruction is helpful to improve the theoretical knowledge, practical skills, operation level and comprehensive quality of nursing students, and has good popularization value in clinical nursing teaching.
ABSTRACT
On the basis of literature review, project practice and teacher guidance, this paper introduces information literacy and medical students' information literacy, expounds the significance of "five forces" in the cultivation of medical students' information literacy, explores and constructs the cultivation mode of medical students' information literacy with the combination of innovation and competition, including the cultivation of "combination of innovation and competition", "four-members cooperation" and "five-dimensional development". The practice shows that the application of the model can enrich the information literacy education system of medical colleges and improve the information literacy level of medical students, so as to achieve the significance of "five forces" in the cultivation of medical students' information literacy.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To prepare vorinostat encapsulated hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (SAHA-CD) eye drops and investigate its inhibitory effect on corneal neovascularization (CNV) induced by alkali burns in mouse.Methods:The SAHA-CD eye drops at concentrations of 0.1%, 0.2%and 0.4%were prepared by inclusion technology with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, and the content was assayed by high performance liquid chromatography.Seventy-five SPF mice with alkali burn-induced CNV were randomized into 0.1%SAHA-CD group, 0.2%SAHA-CD group, 0.4%SAHA-CD group, dexamethasone group and normal control group according to a random number table, 15 for each group, among which the SAHA-CD groups and dexamethasone group were treated with corresponding drugs, and model control group was treated with normal saline immediately after modeling, four times a day and five microliters each time, lasting for six days.The healing of corneal epithelium was examined with a slit lamp microscope after fluorescein sodium staining, and the areas of cornea epithelial defects were calculated using Eyestudio software.The corneal flat mount was prepared, and the length and areas of CNV were calculated with ImageJ software.The histology of mouse corneas was observed through hematoxylin and eosin staining.The expression level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in cornea were measured with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits.The use and care of animals complied with the ARVO statement and this study protocol was approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Henan Eye Institute (No.HNEECA-2020-01).Results:The actual drug contents of the 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.4%SAHA-CD eye drops were 97.62%, 98.33%and 98.14%of the labeled amount.The cornea showed edema and opacification after modeling.On the sixth day after treatment, significant differences were found in the length and areas of CNV among various groups ( F=7.655, 8.802; both at P<0.01).The areas of CNV in 0.2%SAHA-CD, 0.4%SAHA-CD and dexamethasone groups were significantly smaller than model control group, and the length of CNV in 0.1%SAHA-CD, 0.2%SAHA-CD and dexamethasone groups were significantly smaller than model control group (all at P<0.05).On the third and sixth day following modeling, significant differences in the expression levels of VEGF, bFGF and MMP-9 were found among the five groups (third day: F=6.345, 7.149, 18.650; all at P<0.01; sixth day: F=6.749, 5.105, 5.023; all at P<0.01), and the expression levels of VEGF, bFGF and MMP-9 in 0.2%SAHA-CD group were significantly lower than those in 0.1%SAHA-CD group, 0.4%SAHA-CD group and model control group (all at P<0.05). Conclusions:SAHA-CD eye drops can inhibit alkali burn-induced CNV in mouse.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To observe the safety and efficacy of 0.01% atropine eye drops in the prevention of myopia onset in schoolchildren.Methods:A randomized double-blind controlled study was conducted.Sixty Chinese Han children (60 eyes) with binocular spherical equivalent (SE) between + 0.50 D and -0.75 D (pre-myopia) by cycloplegic autorefraction treated in The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were enrolled from July to October 2020.Aged 6-12 years old, the children were divided into 0.01% atropine group and control group according to a random number table, with 30 cases (30 eyes) in each group.The children were given one drop of 0.01% atropine or placebo eye drops in both eyes once a night.The SE, axial length (AL), accommodative amplitude and pupil diameter were compared before and after 3-month, 6-month of treatment between the two groups.Discomforts were recorded.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by an Ethics Committee of The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (No.2020-KY-286). Written informed consent was obtained from guardian of each subject.Results:After treatment, 26 and 25 subjects completed the 6-month follow-up in 0.01% atropine group and control group, respectively, among which 3 subjects in 0.01% atropine group accounting for 11.5% and 9 in control group accounting for 36.0% developed myopia, showing a statistically significant difference ( χ2=4.238, P=0.040). There were significant differences in the overall comparison of SE and AL at different time points between before and after treatment ( Ftime=10.981, 81.854; both at P<0.001). At 3 and 6 months after treatment, there were significant increases in the SE and AL of control group and AL of 0.01% atropine group compared with respective baseline values (all at P<0.05). There was no significant difference in SE at 3 and 6 months after treatment compared with baseline SE in 0.01% atropine group (both at P>0.05). At 6 months after treatment, the change in SE in 0.01% atropine group was (-0.15±0.26)D, which was significantly less than (-0.34±0.35)D in control group, and the change in AL in 0.01% atropine group was (0.17±0.11)mm, Which was significantly shorter than (0.28±0.14)mm in control group, with significant differences between them ( t=2.207, P=0.032; t=3.127, P=0.003). There were significant differences in pupil diameter at different time points between before and after treatment ( Ftime=2.263, P=0.032). At 3 and 6 months after treatment, the pupil diameter was increased in comparison with baseline in 0.01% atropine group (both at P<0.05). There were significant differences in accommodative amplitude at different time points between before and after treatment in the two groups ( Fgroup=0.882, P=0.042; Ftime=0.337, P=0.033). The accommodative amplitude at 3 and 6 months after treatment were decreased in comparison with baseline in 0.01% atropine group and control group at corresponding time points (all at P<0.05). Within a month after treatment, photophobia in bright sunlight occurred in 5 cases in 0.01% atropine group, accounting for 16.7%(5/30), and 2 cases in control group, accounting for 6.7%(2/30), showing no significant difference ( χ2=0.647, P=0.421). No near-vision blur and other uncomfortable symptoms was found in the two groups. Conclusions:After 6-month application of 0.01% atropine eye drops, the prevalence of myopia in pre-myopia schoolchildren decreases and the changing rate of SE and AL slows down.The accommodative amplitude is slightly reduced and pupil diameter is slightly increased, with no obvious effects on study and life.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of 0.01% and 0.02% atropine eye drops on myopia development in adolescents.Methods:A randomized controlled double-blind study was carried out.Two hundred and eighty myopic adolescents (280 eyes) with spherical equivalent (SE) from -1.25 to -6.0 D were enrolled in The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from June 2016 to June 2017.All the subjects wore full-correction single vision spectacle lenses before topical administration of atropine eye drops.The subjects were randomly divided into 0.01% atropine group (142 eyes) and 0.02% atropine group (138 eyes) according to the random number table method.Atropine 0.01% or 0.02% eye drops was topically used in the test eye once per night according to grouping, and the related parameters of the right eyes were collected for data analysis.The subjects were followed up at the 1st, 4th, 8th and 12th month following administration.The SE was measured with an autorefractor to evaluate the refractive change.The anterior chamber depth, corneal curvature and axial length (AL) were measured with an IOLMaster.The adverse responses of atropine eye drops were investigated via a questionnaire.This study protocol adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by an Ethics Committee of The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (No.2016-35). Written informed consent was obtained from subjects and their guardian prior to entering the cohort.Results:The follow-up rate of 0.01% atropine group was 83.8%, and the follow-up rate of 0.02% atropine group was 84.8% at the end of following-up.SE and AL increased by (-0.47±0.32)D and (0.37±0.20)mm in 0.01% atropine group, and (-0.38±0.35)D and (0.30±0.17)mm in 0.02% atropine groups during the following-up, respectively, showing statistically significant differences between two groups ( P=0.040, 0.004). After adjusting age, body mass index and baseline SE, the analysis by generalized additive mixed model showed that the increase rate of SE was -0.039 D/month and -0.032 D/month in 0.01% and 0.02% atropine group, respectively ( Pinteraction=0.041). After adjusting age, body mass index and baseline AL, the analysis of mixed effect model showed that the increase rate of AL was 0.031 mm/month and 0.025 mm/month in 0.01% and 0.02% atropine group, respectively ( Pinteraction=0.032). In 0.01% and 0.02% atropine groups, 32 cases (26.9%) and 33 cases (28.2%) occurred photophobia from 1st to 4th week during administration, and 7 cases (5.9%) and 7 cases (6.0%) appeared near-vision blur from 2nd to 4th week.Allergic response occurred in 0.01% atropine group at 1 month of treatment, and the symptom disappeared after interruption of the medication for two days. Conclusions:The incidence of adverse resoponses of 0.01% and 0.02% atropine eye drops is similar.Atropine 0.02% eye drops is more effective in controlling myopia progression.
ABSTRACT
Objective:The surveillance results of brucellosis in Lushan County, Pingdingshan City, Henan Province are analyzed to provide basis for formulating prevention and control strategies.Methods:Retrospective analysis method was used to collect the surveillance data from Lushan County Center for Disease Control and Prevention and Animal Husbandry Department from 2011 to 2019. Descriptive statistical analysis was made on the serological, pathogenic of brucellosis.Results:From 2011 to 2019, 15 943 high-risk people were investigated, and 10 834 were serologically tested, with a positive detection rate of 23.11% (2 504/10 834). Among them, the positive detection rate of brucellosis serum increased rapidly in 2013 and decreased after 2016. The positive detection rate was 25.87% (1 593/6 157) in men and 19.48% (911/4 677) in women. The age of positive detection was mainly 40-< 70 years old, accounting for 70.45% (1 764/2 504). The positive detection rate of farmers in all occupations was the highest, which was 25.97% (2 242/8 634). There were significant differences in the positive detection rates among different gender, age and occupation (χ 2=61.163, 27.855, 257.412, P < 0.01). A total of 578 blood samples from patients with acute brucellosis were isolated and cultured, 215 strains of Brucella were detected, and the positive detection rate was 37.20%. Conclusions:The high-risk group of human brucellosis in Lushan County, Pingdingshan City is middle-aged and elderly male farmers engaged in aquaculture. It is suggested that the joint prevention and control measures should be strengthened, the health education of high-risk groups should be strengthened, and comprehensive prevention and control measures should be taken to control the occurrence and prevalence of brucellosis.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the efficacy of robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery in heminephrectomy in children.Methods:The clinical data of 54 children with heminephrectomy in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2017 to December 2019 was analyzed retrospectively, of which 42 cases underwent laparoscopic heminephrectomy (LH group) and 12 cases underwent robot-assisted laparoscopic heminephrectomy (RALH group). In LH group, there were 17 males and 25 females, with an average age of (71.74±34.57)months, 29 on the left and 13 on the right. In RALH group, there were 4 males and 8 females, with an average age of (76.83±37.33) months, 9 on the left and 3 on the right. There was no significant difference in age, sex composition and deformity side between the two groups ( P > 0.05). The clinical indexes such as operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage time, hospital stay and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. Results:There were significant differences in operation time[(196.48±21.92)min vs.(171.50±24.91)min], intraoperative blood loss[(34.14±8.63)ml vs.(18.50±5.92)ml], postoperative drainage time[6.0(5.0, 7.0)d vs. 4.5(3.0, 6.5)d] and postoperative hospital stay[(8.93±1.70)d vs.(7.33±1.37)d] between LH and RALH groups ( P < 0.05). During the follow-up from 3 months to 2 years, the lower kidneys of the two groups developed well and the symptoms before operation such as urinary tract infection, intermittent voiding leakage and dysuria caused by ureterocele were gradually relieved and disappeared after operation. In the LH group, 2 cases were complicated with the symptoms as ureteral stump effusion, cyst formation and recurrent ureteral stump infection after operation, which were cured after reoperation. There was no case of ureteral stump effusion and cyst formation in the RALH group. Conclusions:Robot-assisted laparoscopic heminephrectomy in children has shorter intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage time and hospital stay, lower incidence of postoperative complications, and has better efficacy and safety.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To compare the clinical effect of 0.02% atropine eye drops once every two days and 0.01% atropine eye drops once every day in myopia control and adverse reactions in children.Methods:A randomized controlled study was performed.The 231 Han nationality myopic children wearing full-corrected single-vision spectacle lenses enrolled from June 2016 to June 2017 in The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Eye Hospital were divided into two groups by random number table, with 110 children in the 0.02% atropine group and 121 children in the 0.01% atropine group.The subjects were treated with 0.02% atropine eye drops once every two days or 0.01% atropine eye drops once every day to each eye before bedtime for one year.Ninety-two cases and 101 cases were followed up for one year in the 0.02% and 0.01% atropine group, respectively.The right eyes were selected as experimental eyes, and the spherical equivalent refraction (SER), axial length (AL), amplitude of accommodation (AMP), pupil diameter (PD), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and corneal curvature were recorded at baseline and 12 months after treatment.Discomfort symptoms were also observed during the 1-year follow-up.The study protocol was approved by an Ethics Committee of The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (No.2016-35). Written informed consent was obtained from guardians prior to any treatment.Results:After 1 year of treatment, the mean SER change was (-0.46±0.49)D and (-0.48±0.46)D, and the mean AL change was (0.38±0.21)mm and (0.39±0.19)mm, and the mean AMP change was (-1.49±0.29)D and (-1.61±0.26)D, and the mean PD change was (0.72±0.44)mm and (0.70±0.40)mm in the 0.02% atropine group and 0.01% atropine group, respectively.There was no significant difference in the change of SER, AL, AMP, PD between the two groups (all at P>0.05). There were 21 cases (19.1%) in the 0.02% atropine group and 25 cases (20.7%) in the 0.01% atropine group that represented mild photophobia in bright sunlight, which disappeared in 12 and 13 cases during 1-6 months respectively.The photophobia symptoms of the remaining children were alleviated.There existed 5 cases (4.5%) and 6 cases (5.0%) in the two groups that developed mild near blurred vision that lasted no more than 1 month. Conclusions:Compared with 0.01% atropine eye drops once a day, 0.02% atropine once every two days has the same efficacy on controlling myopia progression in children with no more adverse reactions.
ABSTRACT
This paper is a summary of the three types of faults that have occurred in the recent years in the Carestream DR7500:hardware failure, software failure, and communication failure. The specific cases of three types of faults are introduced in a case-by-case basis.
Subject(s)
Equipment Failure , Maintenance , Radiographic Image EnhancementABSTRACT
Objective:To evaluate composite bridge internal fixation in the treatment of limb metaphyseal fractures in children.Methods:From October 2015 to December 2018, 16 children was treated by composite bridge internal fixation for limb metaphyseal fractures at Department of Orthopaedics, The Second People's Hospital of Changzhou. They were 11 boys and 5 girls, aged from 8 to 14 years (average, 11.0 years). Their fractures were located at proximal humerus in 4 cases, at distal femur in 3 cases, at proximal tibia in 3 cases and at distal tibia in 6 cases. According to the Salter-Harris classification, 6 cases were type Ⅱ, 5 cases type Ⅲ and 5 cases type Ⅳ. The time from injury to surgery ranged from 3 to 8 days, averaging 5.3 days. The fracture healing time, postoperative complications (infection and implant failure) and postoperative functional recovery were recorded.Results:This cohort obtained follow-up from 12 to 18 months (average, 13 months). All the children obtained bony union after 2 to 5 months (average, 2.4 months). At the last follow-up, the 4 proximal humeral fractures were evaluated by the Neer scores, giving 4 excellent cases; the 6 distal femoral and proximal tibial fractures were evaluated by the knee function scores of The Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS), giving 5 excellent and one good cases; the 6 distal tibial fractures were evaluated by the Baird scores, giving 5 excellent and one good cases. Follow-ups found no complications like postoperative infection, loosening or breakage of implants, or bone nonunion.Conclusion:Composite bridge internal fixation is a good alternative treatment for children metaphyseal fractures, because it has advantages of minimal invasion, operative simplicity, reliable fixation and limited postoperative complications.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the pharmacokinetics of econazole solid lipid nanoparticles (E-SLNs) after administration of one single dose in rabbit eyes.Methods:E-SLNs with 0.2% econazole was prepared by microemulsion method.Its antifungal activity against Fusarium isolated from the eyes of patients with fungal keratitis was evaluated in vitro and was compared with natamycin eye drops.Four healthy New Zealand white rabbits were assigned to the blank control group without any drug interference during the experimental period, and other matched 21 rabbits were randomized into 7 groups according to the specimen-collected time, with 3 rabbits in each group.E-SLNs of 50 μl was singly applied to conjunctival sac in both eyes in the 21 rabbits, and tear was collected using a filter paper at 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 minutes following administration of the drug.The cornea specimen was collected at above-mentioned time points respectively.The drug levels in each sample were assayed by high performance liquid chromatography.The accuracy, recovery rate, stability and antifungal activity of the drugs in tear fluid and cornea were detected.This study protocol was approved by the Life Science Ethics Review Committee of Henan Eye Hospital (No.HENNCA-2017-22). Results:For the tear samples and corneal tissue samples, the relative standard deviation ( RSD) of the accuracy of the drug was 2.34%-4.04%; the stability analysis result showed that the RSD of the drugs was less than 10%.The 50% minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC 50) and 90% minimum inhibit concentration (MIC 90) of E-SLNs were 0.37 μg/ml and 0.89 μg/ml, respectively.The MIC 50 and MIC 90 of natamycin were 1.15 μg/ml and 1.70 μg/ml, respectively.After one single dose application of E-SLNs eye drops, the peak time of the drug in tears fluids and cornea of rabbits were 5 minutes and maximum concentrations in tears and cornea were 597.64 μg/g and 33.15 μg/g, respectively. Conclusions:The drug levels in tears and cornea achieved are higher than MIC against Fusarium.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To study the pharmacokinetics of the broad-spectrum antifungal drug butenafine nanomicelles (BTF-NM) after topical instillation.Methods:The self-assembly method was used to prepare BTF-NM.The particle size, Zeta potential, and polydispersity index (PDI) of BTF-NM were measured by a nano-particle size-Zeta potential analyzer, and the encapsulation efficiency was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Forty-two healthy New Zealand white rabbits without eye disease were randomly divided into the BTF-NM group and the BTF suspension (BTF-S) group.The corresponding drugs were instilled in the conjunctival sac with a single instillation of 50 μl.The 7.5 mm filter paper was placed in the conjunctival sac of rabbit eye for 1 minute at 5, 15, 30, 60, 120, 180, 240 minutes after the administration.Then the rabbits were sacrificed by intravenous injection of 4% sodium pentobarbital solution through the ears of the rabbits.The aqueous humor was extracted and the corneal tissue was dissected.The drug concentration of BTF in different tissues was measured by HPLC.The study was approved by the Life Science Ethics Review Committee of Henan Eye Hospital (No.HNEECA-2019-01).Results:The particle size and PDI of BTF-NM were (15.65±0.04)nm and 0.11±0.01, respectively, the Zeta potential was (-0.29±0.36)mV, the encapsulation rate was (98.38±0.29)%.The peak time of the drug both in tears and corneal tissues after BTF-NM application was 5 minutes.The peak concentrations of the drug in tears and corneas of the BTF-NM group were (485.21±66.29) μg/g and (12.53±2.32) μg/g, which were 5.6 and 78 times than that of the BTF-S group, respectively.Within the observation time, the mass fractions of the drug in tears and corneas of the BTF-NM group at each time point were significantly higher than those of BTF-S group at corresponding time points (all at P<0.01), respectively.The area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) 0-240 minutes in tears and corneas of the BTF-NM group was 7 488.90 (μg/g)·minute and 829.01 (μg/g)·minute, which was 7.2 and 52 times than that of the BTF-S group, respectively.No drugs were detected in the aqueous humor of the BTF-NM group and the BTF-S group. Conclusions:BTF-NM is an ideal agent with a simple preparing process, high drug encapsulation efficiency and small particle size.Compared with BTF suspension, BTF-NM can significantly improve the bioavailability of BTF in rabbit corneas.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of 0.01% atropine eye drops in the control of myopia progression in Chinese children with myopia.Methods:A prospective non-randomized controlled study was performed.The 152 myopic children aged 6 to 14 years were enrolled from June to October in 2016 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, the subjects wore single-vision spectacle lenses (SV) to correct refractive errors and were divided into two groups: the eyes in the atropine group ( n=72) were treated with one drop of 0.01% atropine eye drops before sleep; the eyes in the simple SV group ( n=80) only wore SV.Repeated measurements of refractive power and axial length were performed at baseline, 4, 8 and 12 months after treatment.Discomfort symptoms were also observed.Informed consent was provided according to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. Results:After 12 months of treatment, the progression of myopia in the atropine group was (0.46±0.42)D, which was significantly lower than (0.70±0.42)D in the simple SV group ( t=5.479, P<0.001). The increase of axial length in the atropine group was (0.36±0.21)mm, which was significantly lower than (0.46±0.41)mm in the simple SV group ( t=9.883, P=0.004). The proportions of myopia progressed more than 0.50 D per year were 45%(28/70)and 28%(19/80) in the atropine group and simple SV group, respectively, with a significant difference between the two groups ( χ2=7.582, P=0.035). In the atropine group, photophobia appeared in 16 cases (22.9%), and was gradually relieved.Allergy was observed in 1 case and disappeared after atropine withdrawal. Conclusions:Application of 0.01% atropine eye drops can effectively control the progression of myopia and have few discomfort symptom in Chinese myopic children.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To study laparoscopic ultrasound assisted hepatectomy in treatment of intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct stones.@*Methods@#The data of 52 patients with hepatolithiasis who underwent laparoscopic hepatectomy from May 2014 to January 2019 at the Fuyang District First People's Hospital in Hangzhou were analyzed retrospectively. There were 28 men and 24 women. The median age was 56 years. Operative laparoscopic ultrasonography was used to detect the location, size, distribution of stones and their relations to blood vessels. A total of 43 patients underwent anatomic hepatectomy, while 38 patients underwent choledochoscopic stone extraction. A " T" tube was used according to intraoperative conditions.@*Results@#Laparoscopic surgery was successfully carried out in 50 patients, while conversion to open surgery was required in 2 patients because of adhesions and bleeding. Laparoscopic ultrasonography revealed intrahepatic calcifications in 5 patients and choledochoscopy in 2 patients. Postoperative complications included 5 patients who devleoped abdominal abscesses. The operation time was (289.0±132.0) minutes. The intraoperative blood loss was (451.0±256.0) ml. The hospitalization after operation was (12.0±3.0) days. In 52 patients, 4 patients had residual stones and the residual rate was 7.7%. All of them were completely removed by T-tube sinus 8 weeks after operation.@*Conclusions@#Laparoscopic ultrasound helped to detect relevant bile ducts containing stones, reduced chance of bleeding in surgery, helped to clarify location and distribution of stones, improved accuracy of diagnosis, and reduced unnecessary hepatectomy by clearly defining intrahepatic bile duct stones intraoperatively. The residual intrahepatic and intrahepatic bile duct stones rates were reduced, and the safety and accuracy of the operations were improved.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study laparoscopic ultrasound assisted hepatectomy in treatment of intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct stones.Methods The data of 52 patients with hepatolithiasis who underwent laparoscopic hepatectomy from May 2014 to January 2019 at the Fuyang District First People's Hospital in Hangzhou were analyzed retrospectively.There were 28 men and 24 women.The median age was 56years.Operative laparoscopic ultrasonography was used to detect the location,size,distribution of stones and their relations to blood vessels.A total of 43 patients underwent anatomic hepatectomy,while 38 patients underwent choledochoscopic stone extraction.A "T" tube was used according to intraoperative conditions.Results Laparoscopic surgery was successfully carried out in 50 patients,while conversion to open surgery was required in 2 patients because of adhesions and bleeding.Laparoscopic ultrasonography revealed intrahepatic calcifications in 5 patients and choledochoscopy in 2 patients.Postoperative complications included 5 patients who devleoped abdominal abscesses.The operation time was (289.0 ± 132.0) minutes.The intraoperative blood loss was (451.0 ±256.0) ml.The hospitalization after operation was (12.0 ±3.0)days.In 52 patients,4 patients had residual stones and the residual rate was 7.7％.All of them were completely removed by T-tube sinus 8 weeks after operation.Conclusions Laparoscopic ultrasound helped to detect relevant bile ducts containing stones,reduced chance of bleeding in surgery,helped to clarify location and distribution of stones,improved accuracy of diagnosis,and reduced unnecessary hepatectomy by clearly defining intrahepatic bile duct stones intraoperatively.The residual intrahepatic and intrahepatic bile duct stones rates were reduced,and the safety and accuracy of the operations were improved.